Brittany – Breizh: The charms of Western France
Brittany is a captivating region in Western France, comprising four departments: Finistère (29 – prefecture Quimper), Côtes d’Armor (22 – prefecture Saint-Brieuc), Morbihan (56 – prefecture Vannes) and Ille-et-Vilaine (35 – Rennes). Loire Atlantique (44) in the south, while no longer officially part of the region, holds historical significance as Nantes, its prefecture, was once the capital of the Ducs de Bretagne.
Geography and culture: Brittany is a vast peninsula that separates the Channel from the Atlantic Ocean, boasting an impressive 2,700 km of rugged coastline—about a third of France’s total coastline. The region is adorned with nearly 800 islands and islets.
The region is culturally divided into two areas:
- Haute Bretagne (Upper): Where Gallo (a regional French dialect) is spoken.
- Basse Bretagne (Lower): Known for its Breton-speaking population, reflecting its traditional Celtic heritage.
The region enjoys an oceanic climate characterized by frequent, light drizzles known locally as crachin Breton. The north is particularly exposed to the northwest wind, called Noroît in French and Gwalarn in Breton.
Landscape and Economy: Inland Brittany features the only significant elevations, such as the Monts d’Arée and the Montagne Noires in the south. The countryside is predominantly green and rural. Agriculture and food processing are key economic sectors, supporting a rich tradition of local produce and cuisine.
Air Travel: The region is well-connected with seven airports, including four international ones:Brest, Rennes, St Malo-Dinard and Lorient-Lann- Bihoué.
Brittany – Breizh: A land steeped in history
Megalithic Origins: Brittany is renowned as the core of Western Europe’s megalithic culture. The region is dotted with enigmatic stone alignments, with the most famous being in Carnac. The exact origins of these ancient monuments remain shrouded in mystery.
Medieval Beginnings: The region’s more recent history began around 15 centuries ago when settlers from ancient Britannia arrived in Armorica to escape Germanic invasions. Known as Breizh in Breton, it is one of the six Celtic Nations, proudly preserving its distinct cultural heritage.
The Duchy of Brittany: Established in the 10th century, the Duché de Bretagne held strategic importance and was a coveted prize during the Hundred Years’ War, with French and English monarchs vying for control. Despite this, powerful Breton dynasties maintained control throughout the Middle Ages.
Union with France: The duchy’s fate changed with the marriage of Anne of Brittany to King Louis XII, a pivotal union that solidified Brittany’s incorporation into the French Crown. This alliance was one of the most significant political maneuvers in French history.
Revolution and Revival: During the French Revolution, Brittany remained steadfast in its royalist support. Though the region faced cultural suppression in the late 19th century, it has since successfully revived its Celtic traditions and cultural identity. Brittany continues to be a symbol of rich heritage and historical depth, blending ancient mysteries with a resilient cultural spirit.
Explore Brittany – Breizh: A coastal and cultural wonderland
Coastal Splendor: The region’s expansive coastline stretches from the mouth of the Loire River to the southern shores of Baie du Mont Saint-Michel, encompassing a third of France’s entire coastline. This rugged, wind-swept land features nearly 800 islands and islets. Experience the raw beauty of its wild shores, where earth meets sea amid dramatic rock formations and sea spray. Notable harbors include the historic fortress of Saint-Malo and the oyster capital of Cancale. Trendy seaside resorts like Dinard on the Côte d’Emeraude and Perros-Guirec on the Côte de Granite Rose attract millions of visitors each year.
Inland enchantment: Venture into the heartland, known as Argoat—or ‘the wooded country’. Here, moors and enchanted forests, steeped in folklore, create a landscape reminiscent of fairy tales. The Forest of Brocéliande (Forêt de Paimpont) is famed as the backdrop for the Arthurian legend, home to Merlin the Wizard, the Fairy Vivian, and Morgan le Fay.
Architectural and historical riches: Brittany’s inland regions are dotted with architectural gems, including medieval walled cities such as Dinan, Dol-de-Bretagne, and Vannes. Historical cities like Brest, Lamballe, Quimper, and Rennes offer a glimpse into the region’s storied past.
A tapestry of attractions: From its stunning natural landscapes to its rich historical and mythical sites, Brittany is a vibrant destination with something for everyone. Its diverse attractions ensure a thriving tourism industry that celebrates both its coastal allure and cultural heritage.
Brittany in numbers:
Area: 27,208km2
Population: 3,273.343 (01/01/2014)
